Preventing UTIs: How to Avoid Bladder Discomfort
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Preventing UTIs: How to Avoid Bladder Discomfort
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are quite common, causing more than 8 million doctor visits every year in the United States. While most UTIs are not serious, they can be uncomfortable — as you know, if you have ever had one. Taking steps toward preventing UTIs can help you avoid discomfort and keep your urinary tract healthy.
Bladder infections are the most common type of UTI. However, an untreated bladder infection can lead to a kidney infection, which can be more serious if it’s not treated promptly.
What Triggers UTIs?
Your urinary tract consists of the bladder, urethra, and kidneys. A UTI occurs when bacteria from the rectum or surrounding skin enter the urinary tract through the urethra. Bacterial growth can then lead to an infection.
Certain factors may increase the risk of UTIs, including:
- Age. Young children and older adults are more likely to get UTIs.
- Certain forms of birth control. Spermicides and unlubricated condoms can irritate the skin and allow bacteria to grow. Diaphragms slow the flow of urine and encourage bacterial growth.
- Gender. A woman’s urethra is shorter and closer to the rectum than a man’s, making it easier for bacteria to enter.
- Pregnancy. Hormonal changes make it easier for bacteria to spread.
- Problems in the urinary tract. Having an enlarged prostate, kidney stone, or tumor can lead to a UTI.
- Sexual activity. Having sex can push bacteria closer to the opening of the urethra.
- Some medical conditions. Diabetes and other conditions affecting the immune system can make it harder for the body to fight off infections.
Additionally, having surgery that requires the use of a catheter can contribute to a UTI.
Not drinking enough fluids and holding in urine for long periods are also risk factors for UTIs. Poor hygiene habits, especially in children who are potty training, can also cause infections.
How to Tell if You Have a UTI
In most cases, the first sign of a UTI is a burning sensation when you urinate. Other symptoms include:
- Blood in your urine
- Cloudy or smelly urine
- Feeling like you must urinate even when your bladder is empty, or being unable to urinate when you feel like you have to
- Frequent need to urinate
- Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen or groin area
If a UTI has progressed to a kidney infection, you might also experience fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or lower back pain.
If you experience signs of a UTI, drink plenty of water and contact your doctor right away. In most cases, antibiotics will cure the infection, and the sooner you start taking them, the less chance you will have of the infection spreading to your kidneys. If you are pregnant, it’s especially important to see a doctor as soon as you notice symptoms to prevent complications.
Preventing UTIs
If you are prone to UTIs, you can take steps to help prevent bacteria from growing or entering the urethra.
- Drink plenty of fluids. Drinking water helps to dilute bacteria that can lead to a UTI. For some people, drinking cranberry juice (or taking cranberry tablets) can also help.
- Empty your bladder frequently. Keeping your bladder empty prevents bacteria from multiplying.
- Practice good bathroom hygiene. Be sure to wipe from front to back after a bowel movement to help prevent bacteria from the anal area from entering the urethra.
- Skip taking baths. When you soak in a bath, long exposure to cleaning products can cause irritation and worsen symptoms. Showering prevents this.
- Urinate before and after sex. This can decrease the risk of bacteria from the anal or genital area causing an infection. Showering can help as well.
If you use incontinence pads, be sure to change them frequently, as bacteria can quickly grow when they are soiled. It’s also essential to keep the genital area dry and clean. Taking these steps can help you avoid UTIs and stay healthy.
Have symptoms of a UTI? Visit a provider at the Walk-In Clinic.